European Union capitals are expressing deep unease over a draft proposal circulating in Brussels that would fundamentally alter the bloc’s accession architecture to facilitate Ukraine’s entry amid the ongoing conflict with Russia.

The plan under discussion at the European Commission would replace the traditional single, merit-based accession process with a two-tier or “membership-lite” model, enabling Kyiv to receive partial integration into the Union, including incremental access to segments of the single market, agricultural support and development funding, without immediately granting full voting rights in Council meetings and European Council summits.

The draft, which is being drafted alongside elements of a US-led peace plan that references Ukraine’s accession as early as 2027, is intended by its proponents to respond to extraordinary geopolitical pressures and to offer Ukraine a tangible reward for painful concessions, including territorial compromises that remain deeply unpopular domestically.

Advocates within Brussels argue that the post-Cold War accession framework, agreed in 1993, is too rigid to accommodate the scale of reforms and geopolitical stakes posed by Ukraine’s candidacy and that flexibility is necessary to uphold European strategic interests in the face of Russian aggression.

However, diplomats from several member states and other candidate countries have voiced strong reservations, warning that creating an alternative pathway could undermine the credibility of the EU’s enlargement criteria, cheapen the value of full membership and unsettle the aspirations of nations such as Montenegro, Albania and Turkey, which have already undertaken significant reforms under the existing rules.

Some officials have framed the proposal as a potential diplomatic liability that could divide the Union and embolden sceptics who claim that external powers are seeking to manipulate the EU’s cohesion, with one senior envoy describing the approach as a “trap set by Putin and Trump.” The debate coincides with Hungary’s continued obstruction of Ukraine’s accession progress, as Budapest has repeatedly blocked the opening of formal negotiation clusters required to advance discussions under the existing framework.

Supporters of the draft respond that the extraordinary circumstances of Ukraine’s war and its strategic position within Europe require an exceptional response, but any formal adoption of the membership-lite model would require broad consensus among member states, which remains far from assured.