Czech authorities have documented a notable rise in hepatitis A infections in 2023, with public health experts expressing concern over the potential for broader outbreaks in light of increased travel and a decline in immunity among the population.

As of late March, 320 cases of viral hepatitis A had been reported in the country, reflecting a continuation of a troubling trend that began in the previous year, when 636 cases were confirmed and two fatalities occurred.

Hepatitis A, commonly referred to as infectious jaundice or the 'dirty hands disease,' is primarily transmitted through inadequate hygiene practices and the consumption of contaminated food or water.

Czech public health officials are advocating for both increased vaccination efforts and adherence to strict hygiene measures as essential strategies to prevent further transmission of the virus.

Renata Ciupek, a representative from the South Moravian Regional Public Health Authority, highlighted the gravity of the current situation, stating, '320 cases in the first quarter of this year show that last year's rapidly increasing trend has not stopped.' With the travel season approaching, particularly during holiday periods, officials caution that popular destinations could serve as hotspots for the further spread of the virus.

Historically, Czechia has experienced a decline in hepatitis A cases due to advancements in sanitation infrastructure.

However, public health experts have identified a significant vulnerability in the population, attributing this to decreasing natural immunity and low vaccination rates.

Kateřina Fabiánová, Deputy Head of the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases at the Czech National Institute of Public Health, noted, 'The declining incidence, combined with the absence of routine vaccination, has resulted in a growing number of people without protective antibodies who are highly susceptible to infection, particularly among children and young adults.'

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has reported ongoing hepatitis A outbreaks in various regions, underscoring that the disease is commonly found in areas with substandard sanitation practices.

Transmission often occurs through contaminated drinking water or food that has been washed with unsafe water.

In Czechia, recent outbreaks have predominantly impacted children, marginalized communities, and individuals living in precarious conditions, such as in hostels or homeless shelters.

Local health officials point out that international travel, especially to regions deemed high-risk, significantly heightens the likelihood of infection.

Barbora Macková, the country's Chief Public Health Officer, affirmed the recommendation for vaccination, stating, 'The best preventive measure is vaccination, ideally in childhood, as full vaccination offers long-term protection.' She emphasized that vaccination is particularly advisable for individuals at elevated risk of contracting hepatitis A, including those whose jobs expose them to the virus, travelers to high-risk destinations, people with chronic liver diseases, close contacts of confirmed cases, and those engaging in behaviors that increase transmission risk.

Safe and effective hepatitis A vaccines are available in Czechia for both children over the age of one and adults; however, these vaccines are generally not covered by the national healthcare system, with exceptions for specific occupations such as emergency responders.

The typical cost of vaccination can reach up to 2,000 CZK (€80), although some health insurance providers may offer limited reimbursement.

Additionally, public health initiatives are promoting the importance of fundamental hygiene practices, particularly for travelers.